The 25-year-old Delhi player, allowed his rival to bounce back when in sight of the first set, before regrouping to take the next two on a hot afternoon to post a 5-7, 6-2, 6-4 win.
Bhambri failed to convert the chances he had and allowed the sixth-seeded Uchiyama to take the first set.
He raised his game in the second with some fluent shots and broke twice to run away to a 5-1 lead before wrapping up set in 28 minutes.
The No.111 ranked Bhambri will next meet Korea's Duckhee Lee, the third-seed, in the semifinal.
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Lee posted a 6-2, 3-6, 6-3 win over unseeded Frenchman Antoine Escoffier, who had beaten India's Sumit Nagal in the opening round.
Top-seed Jordan Thompson had things easy as he sailed into the last four when his rival Danilo Petrovic of Serbia retired while trailing 4-6, 0-3.
The Australian will meet Pedro Martinez of Spain, who knocked out third-seeded Mohammed Safwat of Egypt 7-5, 6-2, for a place in the final.
Results (Indians unless otherwise stated): Singles quarterfinal: Jordan Thompson (Aus-X1) bt Danilo Petrovic (Serbia) 6-4, 3-0 (retd); Yuki Bhambri bt Yasutaka Uchiyama (Japan) 5-7, 6-2, 6-4; Duckhee Lee (Korea) bt Antoine Escoffier (France) 6-2, 3-6, 6-3; Pedro Martinez (Spain) bt Mohamed Safwat (Egypt-X3) 7-5, 6-2.
Doubles semifinal: Cem Ilkel (Turkey)/Danilo Petrovic bt Sonchat Ratiwatana/Sanchai Ratiwatana (Thailand) 7-6 (5), 2-6, 10-8; N Sriram Balaji/Vishnu Vardhan bt Luca Margaroli (SUI)/Saketh Myneni 6-3, 7-5.
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