Bianchi died on Friday, nine months after his devastating accident at last season's Japanese Grand Prix.
F1's ruling body the FIA confirmed his car's withdrawal on their official website.
"As F1 car numbers are now personally chosen by each driver, the FIA believes it to be an appropriate gesture to retire Jules Bianchi's number 17.
"As a result, this number can no longer be used for a car competing in the FIA Formula One World Championship," a FIA statement read.
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His funeral will be held at 0900 GMT at the Sainte-Reparate cathedral in the old part of Nice city on Tuesday.
Bianchi joined Marussia in 2013 and competed in 34 grands prix, notching two world championship points -- still the team's best result.
Bianchi suffered a traumatic brain injury when his car careered off the rain-drenched Suzuka circuit during the Japanese Grand Prix on October 5 last year and smashed into a recovery truck at around 200 kilometres (125 miles) an hour.