On the trip the first week of December, Biden will be the highest-ranking US official to visit China since the rising Asian power's leadership transition.
President Barack Obama has pledged a larger US focus on Asia, seeing the fast-changing continent as vital to US interests.
But Obama cancelled a visit planned in October to four Asian nations, including two regional summits, after US lawmakers forced a shutdown of his government to stop to thwart health care reform.
Xi formally took over as president in March at a time of feuding between the United States and China on issues from copyright infringement to regional territorial disputes.
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After he canceled his trip to Asia, Obama insisted that his absence had "no lasting damage" but said that China did "not get as much of a pushback" at regional summits.
"I'm sure the Chinese don't mind that I'm not there right now," Obama said in Washington during the summits.
Xi, who will likely lead China during an era in which it surpassed the United States as the largest global economy, has repeatedly urged Pacific powers to work out a "new type of great power relationship."
US officials and experts have said that they generally find Xi to be friendly in tone but that they do not yet fully know his intentions toward the United States.
But US officials have surprised at how quickly Xi has consolidated power, potentially giving him the space to move decisively in foreign relations.
Japan has been particularly nervous about China's rise and has highlighted its alliance with the United States in an increasingly bitter row with Beijing over a set of islands.