The operations come at a fraught moment in relations between Russia and the US, where politicians are grappling with the allegation that Kremlin hackers intervened in the 2016 presidential election to help Donald Trump.
Through their lawyers, several defendants have suggested their arrests were linked to the election turmoil. Experts say that's possible, though an Associated Press review of the cases found no firm evidence to back the claim.
The most well-known of those arrested is Pyotr Levashov, accused of being a master spammer who went by the name Peter Severa.
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