Speaking at a conference in London attended by more than 1,000 scientists from around the world, Gates pledged to continue his own investment in British research and innovation, despite economic uncertainties surrounding Brexit.
"The world needs innovative leadership now more than ever," the Microsoft co-founder said.
"The complexity of our most urgent global problems -- extreme poverty, the persistence and spread of disease, feeding a growing world -- requires that we invest in science and put our best minds to work on finding solutions.
His comments come amid fears that British science may suffer if projects lose European funding after Britain leaves the European Union.
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Virgin founder Richard Branson, also speaking at the event, echoed the call for investment to drive innovation.
"British scientists, engineers and innovators have been responsible for some truly transformative developments in health and poverty alleviation over the years but these changes are not possible without sustained investment," he said.
Gates was also backing an USD 18 million international funding programme to combat Zika and other mosquito-borne viruses in Colombia and Brazil.
The funding, from the governments of the United States, Britain, Brazil and Colombia, as well as the Wellcome Trust and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, will finance trials of an innovative mosquito control method using the Wolbachia bacteria.
Wolbachia is a naturally-occurring bacteria found in around 60 percent of insect species, but not the Aedes aegypti mosquito which carries dengue and Zika.
Trials will be carried out in urban areas of South America, including Rio de Janeiro and parts of Antioquia, Colombia, with researchers hoping to demonstrate a significant reduction in new cases of Zika, dengue and chikungunya.
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