Police said the black panther was sighted by locals at Kotabari in the city who rescued the animal and informed Guwahati State Zoo authorities.
The animal was put in a big cage and taken away to the zoo, the police said.
The black panther would be provided medical treatment at the zoo, its authorities said adding it would be later released in the wild.
Environment groups have claimed that encroachment of forest areas around Guwahati have shrunk the habitats of panthers and leopards forcing them to venture into human habitations in search of food leading to man-animal conflict.