The army said in a statement that the attack left a number of soldiers dead and wounded without giving specific figures.
The National News Agency said three persons, including two officers, were killed and 15 of the wounded were rushed to three hospitals in the area.
The army said the bomber was driving an SUV and detonated his explosives when soldiers stopped him at the entrance of the northeastern town of Hermel.
"What happened today should make everyone cling to the military establishment and stand by it," it added. The army "will not stop confronting all those who try to endanger it, and Lebanon and will work to dismantle terrorist networks."
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Humam Farhat, an official at the Assi Hospital in Hermel, told Al-Manar TV that they received five wounded of which three are soldiers.
Hermel is a stronghold of the Shiite Hezbollah group, and on Feb. 1, a suicide attack at a gas station in the town killed at least three people.
The troops have been on high alert searching suspicious cars for fear of more suicide attacks in Lebanon. Lebanese soldiers have arrested about half a dozen people suspected in planning bombings around the country.
On Wednesday, two suicide bombers blew up their cars near an Iranian cultural centre in Beirut, killing at least eight people and wounding scores, including children in an orphanage.
A series of attacks have struck Shiite areas in Lebanon over the past months, killing and wounding scores of people.