His grandson Nathan, who had been touring with the banjo legend in recent years, confirmed the news on Facebook, reported RollingStone
"My heart is broken into pieces. My papaw, my dad, and the greatest man in the world, Dr Ralph Stanley has went home to be with Jesus just a few minutes ago," he wrote, adding, "My Papaw was loved by millions of fans from all around the world, and he loved all of you. If he was singing and on stage, he was happy."
Initially the Stanley Brothers performed live on radio stations in Virginia and sang Bill Monroe's songs, but began writing and arranging their own material and recorded sessions for Columbia, Mercury and King Records that established them as key figures in the early growth of traditional bluegrass music.
Their 1951 recording of the traditional song "Man of Constant Sorrow" has been adapted and re-adapted numerous times in the following years and they found favor with the folk movement of the Sixties.
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In 1976, Stanley was awarded an honorary doctorate of music from Lincoln Memorial University in Harrogate, Tennessee - hence his usual "Dr" prefix.
He also performed at the inaugurations of presidents Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton and was given a National Medal of Arts and a Living Legends medal from the Library of Congress. Amazingly, he didn't join the Grand Ole Opry until 2000.
Funeral arrangements are pending.