Lahiri, who has been second, first and tied second in his last three appearances in Macao Open, had two birdies on the front nine and three on the back nine and alongwith Poulter, was one of the only two players not to have a bogey on his card.
It was a good day for the Indians as Chiragh Kumar (67) was tied sixth and Rahil Gangjee (69) was tied 10th.
SSP Chawrasia (73), Gaganjeet Bhullar (74), Shiv Kapur (75), Shubhankar Sharma (75) and Himmat Rai (76) were all in danger of missing the cut.
Lahiri, coming off a shoulder niggle, said, "My shoulder is beginning to heal and the nerves are settling down. I'm happy and I'm definitely better physically. When I get to this golf course, I'm in a good place mentally."
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England's Poulter marked his return from a four-month injury layoff with a stylish seven-under-par 64 to share the first round lead with Spaniard Carlos Pigem. The former Ryder Cup star birdied all the par five holes at Macau Golf and Country Club and did not drop a single shot.
Pigem matched Poulter with a stunning outward 28 which included five birdies and one eagle. Thailand's Chapchai Nirat led the chasing pack, with two closing birdies giving him a 65 while Lahiri shot 66 to share fourth place with Australia's Marcus Fraser.