The attacks began early Saturday in the city of Barranquilla, where five police officers were killed and 41 injured by a bomb that exploded at a police station during the morning roll call.
It was one of the deadliest on security personnel in recent years, casting a pall over preparations for the annual carnival, a major attraction in the bustling Caribbean port city.
A 31-year-old man was taken into custody after the attack.
Police were the targets of two more bombings late Saturday and early Sunday.
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A bomb explosion shortly before midnight Saturday killed two police officers at a small outpost in Santa Rosa, a municipality in the northern department of Bolivar, authorities said.
Police said the bomb was attached to the side of the outpost.
Unidentified assailants then struck a police station in Barranquilla with explosives, wounding four police and a civilian, an official told AFP.
President Juan Manuel Santos ordered security in the city to be stepped up with an additional 1,500 police.
Santos, the 2016 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, has been working to end a more than 50-year-old conflict that has involved leftist guerrilla groups, paramilitary death squads and drug traffickers.
"We will not rest until we find those responsible, my solidarity is with the families of the victims and the wounded," Santos wrote on his Twitter account.
Rodrigo Londono, the former leader of the FARC guerrilla group and now its candidate in presidential elections this year, also "vehemently" condemned the Barranquilla attack.
Santos reached a historic peace agreement with the FARC -- formerly known as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia -- in November 2016. That led to the rebels' disarmament and transformation into a political party.
The president, who is set to step down in August, is hoping to reach a similar agreement with the smaller National Liberation Army (ELN) guerrillas.
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