Rousseff's presidency appears to be in peril as she fights impeachment, protests, recession and scandal, and her decision to call Lula to the rescue backfired last week when a judge blocked his nomination as chief of staff over pending corruption charges.
A congressional impeachment committee was to hold its second session today to weigh allegations that Rousseff fudged the government's accounts to boost public spending during her 2014 re-election campaign and downplay bad news on the Latin American giant's sinking economy.
Lula (2003-2011) faces money-laundering charges linked to a multi-billion-dollar corruption scandal at state oil company Petrobras.
Prosecutors have requested his arrest -- a threat he will escape if he can get the courts to let him take up his cabinet post, since ministers can only be tried before the Supreme Court in Brazil.
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Lula's lawyers appealed Sunday to the Supreme Court to annul a ruling by one of its judges suspending his appointment and sending his case back to criminal court.
It condemned Lula's detention for questioning earlier this month as "violent, coercive... And baseless," and said the request for his arrest is "arbitrary" and "unconstitutional.