A spokesman for the Federal Court in Brasilia said Judge Antonio Souza issued the ruling Friday, suspending the project's environmental license as well work at the dam, located in the northern state of Para, following objections from state prosecutors
The judge said the license was granted on condition that the environmental commitments be honoured.
The ruling also means that Brazil's BNDES development bank, which is bankrolling the project, is barred from disbursing funds until the commitments are met.
Norte Energia, the consortium in charge of the construction work, told AFP it had yet to be notified of the court's decision.
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It insisted that it was "rigorously complying with its obligations and commitments."
Indigenous groups fear the dam across the Xingu River, a tributary of the Amazon, will harm their way of life. Environmentalists have warned of deforestation, greenhouse gas emissions and irreparable damage to the ecosystem.
Belo Monte, a USD 13 billion project aiming to produce 11,000 megawatts of electricity, is expected to flood a 500-square-kilometre area, displacing 16,000 people, according to the government.