The presidential palace said in a statement that the 77- year-old leader had experienced discomfort this morning and was sent to a military hospital for an examination and treatment. It did not provide further details.
Carlos Marun, a deputy from Temer's party, said he did not think the issue was serious.
Earlier this month, Temer's office announced that he had been diagnosed with a partial coronary obstruction that would be treated with aspirin and a low-fat diet.
If two thirds of the 513 members of the Chamber of Deputies accept the charges, Temer will be suspended for up to six months while he is tried in the nation's Supreme Court.
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Andreia Sadi, a columnist with the Globo media giant, wrote that Temer recently lamented that many lawmakers have told him that they would like to vote in his favor but the pressure to desert is strong.
The voting was scheduled for later today, but it cannot start until there is a two-thirds quorum present. Many opposition lawmakers, hoping to drag out the process as long as possible, had refused to enter the chamber.
The charges against Temer stem from Brazil's massive corruption investigation, which began as a probe into money laundering and ended up uncovering systemic graft in Brazil's halls of power. Dozens of politicians and businessmen have been jailed in the probe.
Prosecutors allege that Brazil's government was run like a cartel for years, with the political parties in power selling favors, votes and plum appointments to powerful businessmen. They say Temer took over the scheme when he came to power last year, after his predecessor was impeached and removed from office, and that his party has since received about USD 190 million in bribes.