"Like every Brazilian, I am very, very sad about this defeat. I am immensely sorry for all of us. Fans and our players," she wrote on Twitter after the game.
During the match at the stadium in Belo Horizonte, sections of the crowd chanted obscenities against Rousseff, who did not attend the game.
Rousseff has seen her popularity drop over the past year amid protests against the record USD 11 billion spent on the tournament, but she still has a wide lead in opinion polls ahead of October elections in which she is seeking a second four-year term.