Rousseff received Putin in the presidential palace in Brasilia today, a day before leaders of the five emerging BRICS nations meet in the northeastern city of Fortaleza.
Rousseff told reporters the bank would top the summit's agenda, adding she hoped the event would produce an agreement on the proposed institution.
She said the five countries "are among the largest in the world and cannot content themselves in the middle of the 21st century with any kind of dependency."