"Brazil is a great country endowed with a society that was able to overcome authoritarianism in the past," Rousseff said at the United Nations during a ceremony for the signing of the Paris climate deal.
"Ours is a hard-working people. We have great esteem for freedom. I have no doubt that our people will be able to prevent any setbacks," she said.
Rousseff is fighting for her political survival at home following allegations that she used illegal accounting maneuvers to mask budget deficits during the 2014 election year.
The president thanked "all the leaders who have expressed their solidarity to me."
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After leaving the UN, Rousseff raised the tone when speaking with Brazilian media, repeating her claim of a "coup" attempt against her, and calling for regional bodies Mercosur and UNASUR to oversee the process.
"I am a victim of a totally unfounded process," she said. "You cannot cover the sun with a finger."
While in New York, Rousseff left Vice President Michel Temer in charge even though she has accused him of conspiring to oust her.
After that, a two-thirds majority vote would be enough to oust her permanently, leaving Temer to serve out her term, which ends in late 2018.