Some 26 per cent acknowledged concerns, rising to 36 per cent among female MPs, according to the ComRes survey of 150 lawmakers.
Eric Appleby, chief executive of the charity Alcohol Concern which commissioned the survey, said the parliamentary authorities should act on the findings.
"If a quarter of employees reported an unhealthy drinking culture in any other organisation it would provoke immediate action by bosses," he said.
"Surely it's time for parliament to rethink its drinking culture and lead by example."
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But concerns have grown about drinking among MPs and peers, highlighted by the arrest in March of opposition Labour MP Eric Joyce for an alleged brawl in a House of Commons bar.
The Scottish former soldier had previously been given 12 months' community service after headbutting a Conservative MP in a fracas in another bar.
Last year, the House of Commons' supervisory body published an action plan to "promote responsible alcohol use" on the premises.