Nemmouche, 29, of Algerian origin and who spent more than a year fighting with Islamic extremists in Syria, has been charged with "murder in a terrorist context" after an Israeli couple, a French woman and a Belgian were shot dead at the museum in central Brussels.
The hearing took place in a closed session. Nemmouche was first ordered held following his extradition from France at the end of July.
Nemmouche's lawyers said they had not asked for bail. At the last hearing, they said such an approach "was absolutely not an admission of guilt".
Courtoy claimed the authorities were trying to blacken his client's character, citing reports that Nemmouche had helped guard Western hostages held by Islamic extremists in Syria.
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The museum shooting -- the first such attack in Brussels in three decades -- raised fears of a resurgence of anti-Semitic violence in Europe and of terror attacks from foreign fighters returning from Syria.
Nemmouche was arrested in the southern French city of Marseille after being spotted on a bus from Brussels.
According to prosecutors, a video found on the camera's memory features a voice similar to Nemmouche's claiming responsibility for the attack.