The 22-year-old youngster has been in wicket-taking mould for Gujarat, bagging 14 scalps in nine Syed Mushtaq Ali games.
Meanwhile, Shami, who came back from a long injury layoff, was ruled out of the Australia tour with a hamstring strain even before the start of the three-match series.
"The All-India Senior Selection Committee has named Jasprit Bumrah in the India T20I team as the replacement for Mohammed Shami, who has been ruled out due to injury. The Indian team is scheduled to play three Twenty20 matches starting January 26, 2016," BCCI wrote in a media release.
Having already lost the ODI series to the hosts after three losses, India will look to bounce back in the T20s, which will act as a tune-up event for the World T20 starting March 8.