After securing 55 seats out of 127 in Sunday's election, Kabore's Movement of the People of Progress (MPP) must now seek coalition partners in order to form a government.
The outcome marks a second victory for Kabore, a former premier and once a close ally of ex-leader Blaise Compaore, after he won Sunday's presidential election -- the first since a popular revolt last year ended nearly three decades of rule by Compaore.
Many hope the elections, seen by observers as largely clean, will restore stability to Burkina after more than a year of upheaval that saw longtime leader Compaore toppled and his supporters try to stage a coup.
"Voters have confirmed that we are the main party in Burkina Faso," said Simon Compaore, Ouagadougou's ex-mayor and a leading member of Kabore's party, who is no relation to the deposed strongman.
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Kabore's party must now seek partners to form a coalition government, and analysts say he is likely to reach out to small parties.
"I don't think he will find (allies) in the two other main forces," said Abdoulaye Soma, head of Burkina's association of constitutional law.
The 58-year-old Kabore has pledged to bring a "better tomorrow" for Burkina's 18 million people, most of whom live in grinding poverty, as the country frets about Islamist violence in neighbouring Mali spilling over the border.
Kabore led the CDP for over a decade and was seen as Compaore's likely heir, but fell out with the strongman in 2012 and last year formed his own opposition party.
The CDP was barred from fielding a candidate in the presidential poll under a contested law that prevented anybody connected with Compaore's attempts to cling to power from seeking office.