Behind the project is a pro-Kremlin youth movement named Set (Network) which says its version of the ABCs symbolises Russia's values and helps promote patriotism among school children.
"This is a collection of key national symbols," a spokesman for the youth movement, Gleb Samokhvalov said.
The project has seen the creation of a teaching tool showing each letter in the 33-letter Russian alphabet accompanied by a word and picture, including those for the Crimean peninsula annexed by Russia in March, the restive Donetsk region in east Ukraine and President Vladimir Putin.
"B" stands for Berkut, a Ukrainian riot police force that the government used to violently break up pro-West protests earlier this year in Kiev.
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Samokhvalov said the alphabet was recently presented at a school in the eastern Siberian city of Irkutsk and the port city of Sevastopol in Crimea.
The youth movement's initiative has drawn criticism for attempts to politicise education and local officials in Irkutsk have distanced themselves from the project.
Nina Vvedenskaya, an education official in the Irkutsk administration said that the presentation of the alphabet at the school was an "oversight".