The 76-year-old governor challenged the state, already a leader with far-reaching environmental laws, to set new goals for 2030 and beyond.
In the next 15 years, he proposed the state increase renewable electricity sources from one-third to 50 percent, reduce petroleum use in vehicles by 50 percent and double the efficiency of existing buildings.
He called on Republicans and Democrats to tackle the state's infrastructure needs and implement education, health care and public safety reforms.
Jerry Brown held office from 1975 to 1983 before term limits and returned for a third term in 2011. He defeated Republican challenger Neel Kashkari in a landslide re-election victory in November.
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Brown's father, Pat Brown, ran for a third term but was defeated by Ronald Reagan in 1966.
The governor said many issues that Gov. Pat Brown raised at his first inauguration in 1956 haven't gone away.
"That was 56 years ago, yet the issues that my father raised at his inauguration bear eerie resemblance to those we still grapple with today: discrimination; the quality of education and the challenge of recruiting and training teachers; the menace of air pollution, and its danger to our health; a realistic water program; economic development; consumer protection; and overcrowded prisons," Brown said.