The global fight against climate change was the center of discussion when Brown met Modi in San Jose over the weekend.
The Governor and the Prime Minister agreed to a partnership between California and India, in which California would provide expertise to help India reduce air pollution and combat climate change, said a statement issued by his office.
"California and India have a very close and very dynamic relationship," said the Governor.
The meeting with Prime Minister Modi is the latest in a series between Governor Brown and world leaders.
In Seattle last week, Brown met with Chinese President Xi Jinping after co-chairing the Third US-China Governors Forum.