The accused allegedly used to obtain the CDRs illegally, a police official said.
The police was on the lookout of one more person allegedly involved in the racket, he said.
As per regulations, only those authorised, such as police and some other departments, were permitted to access call data records with prior sanction from the authorities concerned, the official said.
The CDRs were generally accessed in order to be used as evidence in courts in cases of crime and other offences, he said.
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Based on the information provided by them during interrogation, the police searched the detective agency's office and seized three desktops, two laptops, 11 mobile phones and electronic files of 177 CDRs, he said.
Those arrested were identified as Makesh Madhavan Pandian (42), who ran the detective agency in Navi Mumbai, and his associates Prashant Palekar (49), Jigar Makhwana (35) and Samresh Nantun Jha alias Pratik Mohpal (32), police said.
They were booked on charges of cheating, and several sections of the Information Technology Act, the official said.
An investigation was on into the case, he added.