Colonel Jennie Carignan, 47, was promoted yesterday to brigadier-general (one star) and put in charge of the Canadian army's day-to-day operations including training and deployments, the military announced.
Other female generals have previously risen from non-combatant disciplines such as intelligence, medicine and development aid.
Carignan enlisted in 1986, three years before Canada allowed women in combat roles.
Training as a combat engineer -- a role in which soldiers clear bombs and erect and destroy battlefield structures -- she rose quickly through the ranks, shattering preconceptions about women warriors.
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Robinson made history in May, when she was appointed to lead the US Northern Command, tasked with securing North America's aerospace and coastal waters, as well as supporting the US civil defense authorities.
US Congresswoman Tammy Duckworth, who praised Robinson, was quoted at the time by ABC News as saying that "in the military, a combatant command is the ultimate job. It's the pointy tip of the spear, overseeing the people carrying the rifles and flying the aircraft."
Women make up 14.8 percent of the Canadian military, and just 2.4 percent of its combat forces, according to government figures.
Carignan grew up in the mining town of Asbestos, Quebec, the daughter of a policeman and a teacher.
She served in a United Nations mission in the Golan Heights, between Syria and Israel, and in Bosnia and Afghanistan.