The ban on so-called burkinis, at the height of the French Riviera's vacation season, comes as France remains on edge after deadly Islamic extremist attacks in nearby Nice and on a Catholic church in northwest France.
Cannes Mayor David Lisnard issued an ordinance in late July forbidding beachwear that doesn't respect "good morals and secularism."
It notes that swimwear "manifesting religious affiliation in an ostentatious way, while France and its religious sites are currently the target of terrorist attacks, could create risks of trouble to public order."
The mayor calls the burkini "the uniform of extremist Islamism, not of the Muslim religion."
More From This Section
In an interview published today in the Nice-Matin newspaper, Lisnard said the measure could also apply to saris worn by Indian bathers, because the clothing could hamper rescuers' efforts to save them in an emergency.
Beachgoers in Cannes had mixed opinions.
"I am from Egypt and I grew up with people like this," said Diana Bishay, who now lives in Paris, referring to women who cover themselves up.
Delphine Hannouna, of Paris, said that for her burkinis are not "illegal." However, she fears the consequences for women.
"If we accept more and more things, it's like a regression for women," she said, "especially for French women who are very free."
The Cannes beach ban is just the latest of many French measures seen as singling out Islam, the country's No. 2 religion, in the name of official secularism.
Last week, the mayor of a town outside Marseille banned a swimming day for women at a local park, citing a risk to public order because swimmers were required to cover up from chest to knee.