Diesel vehicles would see the highest increase in prices.
The Finance Minister proposed a cess of 1 per cent on small petrol, LPG and CNG cars, 2.5 per cent on diesel cars of certain capacity and 4 per cent on other high-powered vehicles and SUVs.
Jaitley also proposed "to collect tax at source at the rate of 1 per cent on purchase of luxury cars exceeding value of Rs ten lakh and purchase of goods and services in cash exceeding Rs two lakh."
Providing details, he said petrol/LPG/CNG driven motor vehicles of length not exceeding 4 meter and engine capacity not exceeding 1200cc would attract a cess of 1 per cent.
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He proposed to levy a cess of 2.5 per cent on diesel driven motor vehicles of length not exceeding 4 meter and engine capacity not exceeding 1500cc.
"Three-wheeled vehicles, electrically operated vehicles, hybrid vehicles, hydrogen vehicles based on fuel cell technology, vehicles which after clearance have been registered for use solely as taxi, cars for physically handicapped persons and vehicles cleared as ambulances or registered for use solely as ambulance will be exempt from this cess," Jaitley said.
No credit of this cess will be allowed, and credit of no other duty can be allowed to pay this cess, he added.
Jaitley, however, gave some relief to the environment friendly vehicles.
Last year the government had introduced FAME-India (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric vehicles) scheme in the country as part of the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan.
The scheme, which was launched in April last year, envisages Rs 795 crore support in the first two fiscals starting with the current year.
As far as excise duties are concerned, currently, small cars that are less than four meters in length attract excise duty of 12.5 per cent, while cars with more than four meters length but with engine of less than 1,500 cc capacity attract a duty of 24 per cent.