Lars Vilks - who has faced several death threats since his controversial cartoon was published in a Swedish newspaper in 2007 - already lives under constant police protection.
But police spokeswoman Ewa-Gun Westford said that Vilks' home in Hoeganaes, southern Sweden, "is not a safe place. And he needs to be in a safe place".
The move comes after the 68-year-old emerged unharmed when a gunman fired off dozens of rounds at a cultural centre hosting a forum on Islam and free speech on Saturday.
"The attack seemed to be directed at him. Regardless, the security assessment is that he cannot be in his home," Westford said.
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A 55-year-old documentary filmmaker, Finn Noergaard, was killed in the assault.
The gunman, identified in the media as a Danish-born man of Palestinian origin, moved on from the cultural centre to Copenhagen's main synagogue where he killed a Jewish man guarding the building.
Residents in Vilks' hometown had expressed concern following Saturday's shootings about the risk of an attack against his residence.
"It's been a tragic event but I am not affected personally by it," Vilks told Swedish Radio today. "It's become routine."
Vilks has survived a foiled assassination plot.