All these serial blasts had taken place in 2008; in Surat, police had found unexploded bombs. The emails owning responsibility, purportedly sent by IM, were sent from Mumbai.
Judge A L Pansare of the special court for Maharashtra Control of Organized Crime Act (MCOCA) court framed charges against the 23 arrested accused and the five absconding ones including Riyaz Bhatkal and Iqbal Bhatkal on 29 counts.
Charges were framed for 'waging war against the country', under IPC, for being a member of IM under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, for sending emails "containing malicious and vitriolic material primarily of waging war against India", and under provisions of Arms Act, Explosives Act and Information Technology Act, apart from the MCOCA.
Afzal Usmani, one of the accused, had given police the slip on September 20 from Sessions Court here. He was recaptured, but the MCOCA court was then shifted to Arthur Road jail.
Usmani is accused of involvement in stealing four cars which were used to transport explosives to Ahmedabad and Surat. He is also charged with planting bombs.