No one could deny that lives and jobs were lost due to the note ban, the former Union finance minister said on "demonetisation Black Day".
A day after Jaitley said the demonetisation decision was an "ethical drive and a moral step", Chidambaram took him on in a series of tweets.
"FM says demonetisation was "ethical". Was it ethical to heap misery on millions of people, especially 15 crore daily wage earners?" he asked.
"Was it ethical to give an easy way for converting black money into white as now discovered by Government?"
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The former finance minister also asked whether it was ethical to damage vibrant industrial hubs like Surat, Bhiwandi, Moradabad, Agra, Ludhiana and Tiruppur.
A year after the demonetisation decision, Chidambaram also launched a frontal attack on the Modi government and said, "On demonetisation Black Day read real-life stories, say a prayer for the millions who suffered."
He said the cash of Rs 15 lakh crore with the public would soon reach the November 2016 level of Rs 17 lakh crore.
According to Chidambaram, artificial reduction of cash in circulation is one of the reasons for lower demand and lower growth.
"In interest of transparency, government/RBI should release RBI Board's agenda, background note and (former Governor) Dr Raghuram Rajan's note. If government is confident of its decision, why does it fear releasing these documents?"
The opposition is observing "black day" today.
The government, Chidambaram said, claimed that moneywas eliminated. But "you will find the 'eliminated' black money" when the Gujarat election campaign starts, he added.
"Modi's currency gamble damaged Indian economy, says the BBC. Is BBC a supporter of black money and corruption?" he asked.