The five banks will be in Beijing, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning and Shandong, according to the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) website.
Each of the banks will be co-sponsored by at least two private capital providers.
In 2014, China approved a pilot scheme setting up five private banks to give private capital a bigger role in the country's financial system.
The new private lenders are expected to boost financial support for smaller firms, as the state-owned lenders usually favour state-owned enterprises, state-run Xinhua news agency reported.
Data from the CBRC showed that total assets of the first batch of five private lenders reached 132.93 billion yuan (around USD 19 billion) at the end of September.
Non-performing loan ratio rose slightly to 0.54 per cent.