Located on the Huairou campus of CAS University - some 60 kms from Beijing, the museum is housed at the site of the Academy's former rocket test base founded in 1958.
The base was used to develop ground test operations for high-energy liquid propellants and engines for long-range rockets.
It is the first time some researchers have had their contributions and names revealed publicly, said Cao Xiaoye, vice secretary-general of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), that carried out the construction.
More than 17,000 researchers participated in the "two bombs, one satellite" project, which helped increase China's scientific and defence capabilities and contributed to growth in national strength.
Due to their efforts, China has become one of the few countries with independent knowledge of nuclear and space technology, state-run Xinhua news agency quoted him as saying.