The summit was hosted by President Xi Jinping in which leaders of Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan and Tajikistan, and representatives of the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) took part.
Xi called on the neighbouring countries to strengthen connectivity and boost cooperation.
He highlighted China's plans to build the 21st Century Silk Road Economic Belt and the Maritime Silk Road to boost connectivity besides Beijing's push for creation of the AIIB.
Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and Bangladesh President Abdul Hamid attended today's meeting.
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Xi had invited Prime Minister Narendra Modi to attend the summit during their first meeting in Brazil. Indian officials said Modi could not make it to the summit due to his commitments to attend next week's East Asia summit in Myanmar followed by G-20 leaders meeting in Australia.
On the sidelines of today's summit, Xi and Premier Li Keqiang met leaders of several countries.
China and Pakistan signed USD 46 billion worth of Chinese investments in various projects in Pakistan.
In his talks with Hamid, Xi welcomed Bangladesh's participation in the AIIB as a founding member.
India along with 21 members joined the bank being floated by China to focus on infrastructure development in the region.
Xi also said China's vision to build the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road will create opportunities for the countries in the region to expand trade and economic connectivity.
Describing Bangladesh as an important partner of China in South Asia and Indian Ocean region, Xi said the bilateral relationship features friendship, trust and cooperation.
Hamid said Bangladesh expects to learn from China's experience in poverty alleviation and seize the chance brought by the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.