The probe Chang'e-3 was launched into orbit last night aboard an enhanced 56.4 meter high Long March-3B carrier rocket from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre.
The launch came a day after India's Mars orbiter Mangalyaan left the Earth for a 300-day journey to the Red Planet.
Chinese space scientists are looking forward to cooperation with other countries, including the country's close neighbour India, state-run Xinhua news agency said in a report on the successful launch of China's lunar probe.
"We are open in our lunar programme, and cooperation from other countries is welcome. We hope to explore and use space for more resources to promote human development," the Xinhua report quoted him as saying.
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The Chang'e-3 lunar probe is expected to land on the moon in mid-December to become China's first spacecraft to soft land on the surface of an extraterrestrial body.
The probe's carrier, an enhanced Long March-3B rocket, put the probe in the designated orbit in a text book launch from Xichang Satellite Launch Center in southwest China.
"The probe has already entered the designated orbit," said Zhang Zhenzhong, director of the launch center in Xichang.
"I now announce the launch was successful," he said amid cheers from the staff.
"We will strive for our space dream as part of the hinese dream of national rejuvenation," he said.
The probe's soft-landing is the most difficult task during the mission, said Wu Weiren, the lunar programme's chief designer.