Xi will visit Moscow from Friday until Sunday at the invitation of Russian President Vladimir Putin, the ministry said.
On his way Xi will stop in Kazakhstan on Thursday for a one day visit, and he will return via Belarus from Sunday to Tuesday, the ministry added.
Xi's journey to Moscow comes as China highlights its role in the defeat of Japan as the world marks the 70th anniversary of the end of the most destructive war in history.
Chinese vice foreign minister Cheng Guoping stressed the importance to both China and Russia of their struggles during the war -- while playing down other Allies' role.
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"China and Russia were the main theatres in Asia and Europe during the Second World War and are the main victorious nations of the Second World War," he told reporters at a briefing, adding that both sides "sacrificed enormously for the victory".
In Russia, Xi will hold talks with Putin, meet and decorate war veterans and attend Saturday's parade, Cheng said.
"Such a good working relationship and personal friendship is an important political foundation for the relations of the two countries," Cheng said, stressing the rapport between the leaders.
The countries, both permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, often take similar stances there on divisive issues such as the conflict in Syria.
"China and Russia are each other's most important strategic partners," Cheng said. "Our relationship is special and significant."