"Japan should have made an explicit statement on the nature of the war of militarism and aggression and its responsibility on the wars, made sincere apology to the people of victim countries," foreign ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said in a statement.
It was Beijing's first official reaction to Abe's remarks Friday on the 70th anniversary of the end of the war, when he said that Japan's future generations should not have to keep apologising.
The Japanese prime minister has faced criticism for playing down his country's war record and trying to expand its present-day military.
Without mentioning Abe by name, Hua said that China "has taken note of the statement made by the Japanese leader", adding that executive vice foreign minister Zhang Yesui "has already expressed China's solemn position to Japanese Ambassador to China Masato Kitera".
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Abe's statement was closely watched in China, where memories of Japan's invasion that began in the 1930s and lasted until its defeat in 1945 are still a source of anger among the general populace.
Hua added that historical questions directly affect their political relations as well as the feelings of the Chinese people.