Beijing has ambitious space goals, including plans to send its first probe to land on the moon by the end of this year, state media reported in August.
The gold-coloured rover model, with six wheels and wing-like solar panels, attracted admiring crowds at the opening of the China International Industry Fair in Shanghai.
The rover's designer, Shanghai Aerospace Systems Engineering Research Institute, said the real thing would be lifted aloft by a Long March 3B rocket scheduled to be launched in early December.
The showcasing of the rover came on the same day that India launched its first mission to Mars, aiming to become the only Asian nation to reach the Red Planet.
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The Shanghai-based institute, a unit of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, which is linked to the military, claimed several technological breakthroughs with the rover.
Advances include its "autonomous" navigation system and the way the wheels are able to grip the powdery surface of the moon, according to materials from the institute.
"It's incredible to think that a little machine like this will actually go to the moon soon," said Lu Hui, who was among the crowd looking at the model rover.
"I think it's cute, kind of like WALL-E," she said, referring to the animated robot in the 2008 children's film of the same name.
China's official Xinhua News agency is hosting an online poll to select the rover's name, with "Seeking Dream" in the lead on more than 560,000 votes.