The man stated to be worker of a hospital in Qinggang County tied up the four inpatients and removed their private parts with the blunt razor, doctors and victims said.
Two victims, 53-year-old and 80-year-old, lost one testicle each and another 60-year-old lost both. Two of them were bedridden in the institution, while the third victim was mentally challenged, the state-run Xinhua news agency reported.
The fourth victim was found after police carried out a full inspection of the facility.
The victims identified the perpetrator as a worker at the nursing home, while a staff member at the home said the man, in his 30s, was also housed there for his mental illness.
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Police have not identified the suspect or said why he carried out the attacks.
Many Chinese nursing homes are troubled by insufficient beds, funding and poor management.
In recent months, China has strengthened security at top hospitals following numerous attacks on doctors and staff members by the irate relatives of patients dissatisfied with the treatment.