Large protests at China's state-owned enterprises have been rare in recent years because their workers are often better protected by labour laws compared with private businesses.
But some experts say working conditions have eroded as many state industries suffer overcapacity and struggle to make money.
Three employees of China National Erzhong Group Co. In the southwestern city of Deyang said workers started taking to the streets Monday with banners protesting against corrupt and incompetent managers. They blamed management for Erzhong's losses and poor treatment of employees.
A worker who gave only his family name of Liu said Erzhong planned to lay off 5,000 workers and that workers were upset that the company offered to pay retirees $60 a month. The incident might reflect that China's state-owned companies are increasingly operating on a purely commercial basis, said one labor expert.
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"One of the issues is the sharp contrast between very low pay for the workers and very generous packages for Erzhong executives," said Wang Jiangsong, a Beijing-based scholar on labor issues. "The state-owned enterprise has abandoned the tradition where the workers have a say in the operations of their company."
Local police confirmed the protests and said they were handling them, without giving further details.