In response, the US said it launched two missiles, one of which missed its intended target and killed at least one Afghan civilian.
Afghan officials said one Afghan woman was killed and 11 civilians were wounded in the Taliban attack yesterday. Afghan special forces managed to repel the attackers, killing four in an ensuing gunbattle, officials said.
Later, the US military issued a statement saying that it had responded with an airstrike.
Navy Capt William Salvin, spokesman for the US-led military coalition, said in a telephone interview that the US fired two Hellfire missiles. One struck its intended target, a building from which the insurgents had launched their mortar attack. The other one was programmed to hit the same target but went astray for unknown reasons, Salvin said.
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At least one Afghan civilian was killed by the malfunctioning Hellfire and an undetermined number of other civilians were wounded, Salvin said.
In its written statement, the US-led coalition expressed regret for the civilian casualties.
The US statement said the insurgents also detonated suicide vests, "endangering a great number of civilians."
Mattis was meeting with Afghan President Ashraf Ghani at the time of the attack, along with visiting NATO Secretary- General Jens Stoltenberg. Mattis' plane was not hit.
The attack both its location, the Kabul airport, and the purported target, a visiting US official's plane underscored the ability of the insurgents to still stage high-profile attacks despite Afghan security forces' struggle to stem Taliban gains.
Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid said in a tweet that the "military section of the Kabul airport was hit with missiles; target was plane of US Defense Secretary Mattis" and that "losses (were) caused" in the attack.
Ghani said during a joint press conference with Mattis and Stoltenberg that Afghan special forces troops quickly brought the assault under control. Mattis called the attack "a crime" during the news conference, which was broadcast live. Speaking to The Associated Press later yesterday, Stoltenberg denounced that attack as a "terrorist act" that shows the militants' "weakness."
At the presser, both Mattis and Stoltenberg pledged continued support for Afghanistan and vowed to do everything possible so the country "doesn't again become a safe haven for international terrorists."
Stoltenberg said NATO is aware of "the cost of staying in Afghanistan, but the cost of leaving would be even higher." "If NATO forces leave too soon, there is a risk that Afghanistan may return to a state of chaos and once again become a safe haven for international terrorism," he said.
Ghani said the Taliban can choose either to align with international terrorism or renounce violence and join a peace process with the government.
Mattis said Washington supports a negotiated settlement between the Taliban and Afghanistan. "The sooner the Taliban recognize they cannot win with bombs, the sooner the killing will end," he said.
Last month, President Donald Trump hinted he would embrace the Pentagon's proposal to boost troop numbers by nearly 4,000, augmenting the roughly 8,400 Americans now in Afghanistan. The combined US and NATO troop contingent currently in the country is about 13,500.
In the interview with the AP, Stoltenberg said the "attack on the airport is a sign of weakness, not the sign of strength" and added that to "attack a civilian airport is a criminal act, it is terrorist act and it just shows the importance of fighting these kind of organizations in Afghanistan."
He stressed the importance of fighting extremists as the best way to ensure "they are not able to expand and to go beyond Afghanistan and launch new attacks against other countries, including NATO countries."
The US Embassy in Kabul condemned the airport attack, saying it does "not diminish our and our partners' resolve to stand with the people of Afghanistan in their quest for a more prosperous, stable, and secure future,"
In other violence, hundreds of Taliban insurgents attacked a security post in Afghanistan's western Farah province, killing at least 10 policemen and threatening to overrun the position.
Farid Bakhtawar, the head of the provincial council, confirmed the killing of the policemen and warned they would be overrun if reinforcements do not arrive soon.
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