BHP coal president Mike Henry said mitigating greenhouse gas emissions was essential, but it was also crucial that access to reliable and affordable energy was available to support development.
"It would be fair to say that as we stand here today, in the court of public opinion, the 'no coal' camp has been more effective," Henry said in the text of a speech he delivered yesterday.
"Anti-coal activism has been building momentum over many years."
Australia's city of Newcastle, which claims to be the world's biggest coal export port, last month said it will pull money out of fossil fuel industries and invest in more sustainable enterprises.
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While a massive India-backed mine project in Queensland state, which environment groups say will exacerbate climate change, has been held up by a legal challenge, prompting a call from the government to end the "sabotage" of coal developments.
Henry said he recognised that "some groups are determined to shut coal down altogether, and they have a clear strategy to frustrate and delay coal and gas projects".
Calling for the industry to coordinate its efforts in influencing the debate, Henry said thermal coal was expected to to play an important part in meeting the world's energy needs, especially in Asia, rejecting the idea that coal use will be phased out in the next two decades.
As the world prepares for climate talks in Paris later this year, Henry said the industry must come together to adopt a more "unified, balanced and credible view in respect of climate change".