Common bacteria protects against skin disease

Common bacteria on human skin secrete a protein which protects us from the reactive oxygen species thought to contribute to several skin diseases, a new study has found.
The protein has an equally strong effect on dangerous oxygen species as known antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E.
The skin bacterium is called Propionibacterium acnes.
"The name originates from the fact that the bacterium was first discovered on a patient with severe acne. But whether it causes acne is uncertain - it may have been present merely because it is so common," said Rolf Lood from Lund University in Sweden.

He discovered that the "acne bacterium" secretes a protein called RoxP. This protein protects against what is known as oxidative stress, a condition in which reactive oxygen species damage cells. A common cause of oxidative stress on the skin is UV radiation from the Sun.
"This protein is important for the bacterium's very survival on our skin. The bacterium improves its living environment by secreting RoxP, but in doing so it also benefits us," said Lood.

Oxidative stress is considered to be a contributing factor in several skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and skin cancer.
Since Propionibacterium acnes is so common, it is present in both healthy individuals and people with skin diseases.

According to Lood, people have different amounts of the bacterium on their skin, and it can also produce more or less of the protective protein RoxP.
This will now be further studied in both patients and laboratory animals, researchers said.
The human study will compare patients with basal cell carcinoma, a pre-cancerous condition called actinic keratosis and a healthy control group.
The study will be able to show whether there is any connection between the degree of illness and the amount of RoxP on the patient's skin.
The study on laboratory animals will also examine whether RoxP also functions as protection. Here, mice who have been given RoxP and others who have not will be exposed to UV radiation.

The researchers will then observe whether the RoxP mice have a better outcome than those who were not given the protective protein.
"If the study results are positive, they could lead to the inclusion of RoxP in sunscreens and its use in the treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis," said Lood.
The study was published in the journal Scientific Reports.