Commonwealth heads of government chose Scotland, at their biennial summit in Malta, chose 60-year-old Scotland, a former attorney general to the British government, to take over from India's Kamalesh Sharma on April 1, 2016.
Sharma was appointed to the prestigious post in April 2008.
"I am incredibly proud to be the first woman to hold the post of secretary-general," Scotland told a press conference.
"Women leading from the front. Congrats to Baroness Patricia Scotland, first lady to become SG of Commonwealth!," External Affairs Ministry Spokesperson Vikas Swarup tweeted.
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Scotland has served in many positions within the UK government, most notably as the Attorney General for England and Wales and Advocate General for Northern Ireland.
At the 2015 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, she was elected the 6th Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations.
In 2001 she had become Parliamentary Secretary, Lord Chancellor's Department and, was made a member of the Privy Council of the UK.
When Labour government exited on May 11 2010, Baroness Scotland became the Shadow Attorney General and was re-appointed to that role by Ed Miliband when he appointed his first Shadow Cabinet in October 2010