The rendezvous was aborted less than six hours before the scheduled arrival of Orbital Sciences Corp.'s Cygnus capsule, packed with 1,300 pounds (590 kilograms) of food and clothes for the space station crew.
The Virginia-based company said it is working on a software repair, but it will be at least two more days until another approach is attempted.
Orbital Sciences said the two orbiting vessels established direct contact early today, four days after the Cygnus' launch from Virginia. But the Cygnus rejected some of the data, which interrupted the entire rendezvous. Until then, everything had been going well.
Orbital Sciences is the second private company to launch supplies to the space station. In 2012, the California-based SpaceX began accomplishing that job for NASA.
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The space agency is paying the two companies to deliver goods to the space station, in the absence of the now-retired space shuttles.
Three astronauts an American, Italian and Russian currently are aboard the orbiting outpost.
On Wednesday, three more crew members will be launched from Kazakhstan. Orbital Sciences will have to work around that manned flight, delaying the Cygnus further if a Tuesday hookup is not feasible.