Led by Pradesh Youth Congress president Pranav Shagotra, a group of party activists assembled at the Maulana Azad Road headquarters of the party and later tried to take out a rally.
"The rally was part of 'Yuva Akrosh Yatra', a mass movement organised by the Pradesh Youth Congress against the failure of the Centre and state government to address the problems being faced by the educated unemployed youth and polarisation," a Congress spokesman said.
The activists raised slogans against the ruling PDP-BJP alliance and were halted by police near the College of Education along the Mualana Azad Road and asked to disperse.
However, when they ignored and tried to continue with the march, police took over a dozen of them including Shagotra into preventive custody, officials said.
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Earlier, Shagotra addressed the gathering and accused Prime Minister Narendra Modi of making false promises to the people of the country.
Criticising the state government, he demanded revocation of the new recruitment policy and urged the government to adopt "fair and merit-based policy" for recruitment of the educated youth.