In a newspaper article headlined, "I need to speak up now", Sinha said a revival by the time of the next Lok Sabha election was "highly unlikely" and a "hard landing" appeared inevitable.
Congress vice president Rahul Gandhi took a dig at Jaitley, saying people should take positions as the "wings have fallen off our plane".
"Ladies and Gentlemen, this is your copilot and FM speaking. Please fasten your seat belts and take brace position. The wings have fallen off our plane," he tweeted.
"Yashwant Sinha speaks truth to power. Will power now admit the truth that economy is sinking?," he said on Twitter.
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Quoting Sinha, Chidambaram said the truth is that the growth rate of 5.7 per cent is actually 3.7 per cent or less and that "instilling fear in the minds of the people is the name of the new game".
"Eternal truth: No matter what power does, ultimately truth will prevail," the Congress leader said.
Sinha, who was finance minister under Atal Bihari Vajpayee-led NDA government, said in the article that he would be failing in his national duty if he did not speak up.
"The prime minister claims that he has seen poverty from close quarters. His finance minister is working over-time to make sure that all Indians also see it from equally close quarters," he said.