Iran votes Friday in key elections which conservatives are expected to dominate, capitalising on public anger against moderate President Hassan Rouhani over a ravaged economy, corruption and multiple crises.
The 11th parliamentary election since the 1979 Islamic Revolution comes after steeply escalating tensions between Iran and the United States and the accidental downing of a Ukrainian airliner that sparked anti-government protests in Tehran.
Experts predict a low turnout with rising voter apathy that they say will serve the conservatives at the expense of Rouhani, who was re-elected in 2017 promising more freedoms and the benefits of engagement with the West.
Iran has been hit by an economic slump and high inflation following harsh US sanctions after President Donald Trump pulled out of a landmark nuclear deal with Tehran in 2018.
"Iran's biggest problem is not having stability, peace and calm," said Amir Mohtasham, who is 38 and jobless.
"Our elections are useless. Even the current parliament has 90 sitting MPs who are under investigation for financial corruption," he said.
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Nearly 58 million people are eligible to vote.
Around half of the 16,033 hopefuls will contest the 290 seats up for grabs across 31 provinces after the Guardian Council election watchdog barred thousands of would-be candidates, mostly moderates and reformists.
On Thursday, Washington upped the ante slapping sanctions on five Iranian officials in charge of vetting candidates, including Ahmad Jannati, a powerful cleric.
"The Trump Administration will not tolerate the manipulation of elections to favour the regime's malign agenda," Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said in a statement.
Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has urged Iranians to flock to the polls, reiterating the mantra that it was a "religious duty".
Rouhani echoed him, saying that taking part would give Iran "strength and unity".
"We are under severe sanctions and pressure by the global arrogance, and we have to break these sanctions and improve people's lives," he said, referring to the United States.
On the eve of the elections, state media aired a short clip showing votes transforming into torpedoes hitting enemy navy ships closing in on Iran.
Hessameddin Ashena, Rouhani's main adviser, warned on Twitter that abstention "increases (among other things) the possibility of a military aggression".
Turnout in Iran's past 10 elections averaged 60.5 percent, according to the interior ministry.
The Guardian Council said it expected at least 50 percent of registered voters to cast ballots in Friday's election.
Many voters, however, have voiced disinterest.
"We voted for Mr Rouhani with a dream, and then we didn't achieve anything. So, in my opinion, people are not hopeful any more," said Mohammed, who spoke from his carpet shop and only gave one name.
"I honestly don't want to vote, because it won't fix our problems and is of no use, and this election is only a formality just so they can show to the world that they are chosen by the nation, while it is not so," said Pari Aghazadeh, a fashion designer.
In November, demonstrations over petrol price hikes spread across Iran and turned violent before being crushed in a deadly crackdown.
Tehran and Washington have nearly gone to war twice in the past seven months, most recently after the US assassinated prominent Iranian general Qasem Soleimani on January 3.
The "martyrdom" of the hugely popular general provoked an outpouring of grief in Iran.
Millions of people turned out to mourn his death, but that unity suffered a blow after Iran finally admitted that it had shot down a Ukrainian airliner on January 8, killing 176 people.
The government sparked further anger by denying for several days that Iran was to blame, before owning up to a jittery reaction by a missile operator.
The disaster unfolded as Iran's defences were on high alert in case the US retaliated to Iranian strikes hours earlier on American troops stationed in Iraq in response to the killing of Soleimani.
Voting for the parliament, or Majles, opens at 8:00 am (0430 GMT) and lasts 10 hours but can be extended. Final results are not expected before Sunday.
Apart from the parliament, voters will also choose replacements for deceased members of the Assembly of Experts, a 88-strong clerical body that appoints and monitors the supreme leader.