The court also rejected the bail application of his nephew and former Lok Sabha member Sameer Bhujbal.
"Both the bail applications are rejected," said special PMLA judge M S Azmi.
The order copy will be available later, he said.
The court had rejected the former public works minister's bail plea, filed on medical grounds, earlier too.
Last month, the Supreme Court struck down a stringent condition for securing bail for a person accused of money laundering, saying it was "manifestly arbitrary".
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Bail applications of Bhujbals were pending at that time.
After the SC ruling, the court here heard the arguments afresh.
Special public prosecutor Hiten Venegaonkar argued that the onus of proving that the alleged proceeds of crime were untainted was on the accused.
He added that the Bhujbals' bail applications mentioned Rs 30 crore, but during interrogation, they admitted to laundering money to the tune of Rs 800 crore.
Chhagan Bhujbal is an influential person and may tamper with evidence. Investigation as to his foreign investments is yet to be over, the prosecutor said.
The first case was about the Maharashtra Sadan and Kalina land allotment scams, while the second was related to a housing project at Navi Mumbai by a construction firm promoted by the Bhujbal family. The firm owners were accused of duping flat buyers after collecting advance.