"One cannot issue invitations to talks while at the same time issuing criminal orders for the use of armed force against the people there," he said in a visit to Beijing.
"You can't send in tanks and at the same time hold talks, and the use of force would sabotage the opportunity offered by the four-party negotiations in Geneva," he said.
Top diplomats from Russia, Ukraine, the United States and the European Union have scheduled for Thursday a four-way meeting in Geneva, the latest step in a flurry of diplomacy aimed at easing the worst European security crisis in decades.
In unusually strong language at a joint news conference with his Chinese counterpart Wang Yi, Lavrov accused Kiev of "spreading lies" that Russia is dispatching pro-Moscow forces to Ukraine's southeast.
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"This is a total lie that supposes that those residents there are completely incapable of protesting of their own will," Lavrov said.
Russia "in principle" supports the idea of four-way talks, Lavrov added, although he cautioned that they must be "genuine and not merely for show".