In a rare front-page message on the state-run newspaper Granma, Castro said Cuba's fight to prevent the arrival of the virus had been hampered by "the inadequate technical quality" of efforts against the mosquito, insufficient work to clean up areas where the mosquito propagates and poor weather conditions.
He wrote that the active and reserve military personnel and 200 national police officials would reinforce the Public Health Ministry's efforts to spray neighborhoods for mosquitoes and eliminate breeding spots.
Cuba prides itself on its system of free, neighborhood-level health care, which has included intensive efforts to limit the Aedes aegypti mosquito that also carries the tropical diseases dengue and chikungunya.
Those efforts include door-to-door fumigation of homes and offices by young army recruits and civilian workers who are supposed to maintain a careful record of places they've fumigated.
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Castro's didn't elaborate on his criticism of anti-mosquito efforts, but the young workers can frequently be seen marking locations as fumigated even when they encounter no one home, or the residents say they are allergic or asthmatic.
"Once again, the real protagonist in the fight against the menace of epidemics is our people, so it's essential to be able to count on their conscious participation in order for this important and necessary work to be successful," Castro wrote.